Brian Bix

Frederick W. Thomas Professor for the Interdisciplinary Study of Law and Language

Brian Bix

N212 Mondale Hall
229–19th Ave. South
Minneapolis, MN 55455

612-624-2505

bix@umn.edu

Washington University, St. Louis, B.A.
Harvard University, J.D.
Balliol College, Oxford University, D.Phil.

Professor Brian Bix joined the faculty in 2001. He teaches in the areas of jurisprudence, family law, and contract law. He holds a joint appointment with the Department of Philosophy.

Professor Bix received his B.A., summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, from Washington University in St. Louis in 1983; his J.D., magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School in 1986; and his D.Phil. in Law from Balliol College, Oxford University, in 1991. Professor Bix taught at Quinnipiac University School of Law, as Associate Professor (1995-1997) and Professor (1998-2001). He was a Visiting Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center during the spring semester of 2000 and at George Washington University Law School in the fall of 1999. Professor Bix was the Lecturer in Jurisprudence and Legal Reasoning at King's College, University of London, from 1991 to 1993; he taught at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford University, from 1989 to 1990. He was a law clerk for Justice Benjamin Kaplan at the Massachusetts Appeals Court (1993-95, while on leave from the King's College), and he also clerked for Judge Stephen Reinhardt, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (1987-1988), and Justice Alan Handler, New Jersey Supreme Court (1986-1987). He is a member of the American Law Institute.

For further information on Professor Bix, please consult his curriculum vitae.

PUBLICATIONS

Works in Progress

Contract Law (Cambridge Introductions to Philosophy and Law series, Cambridge University Press) (book in progress)

Family Law (Short Introductions to Law series, Oxford University Press) (book in progress)

Books

Jurisprudence: Theory and Context, (Sweet & Maxwell ( UK ), Carolina Academic Press (US), 1996) (Rev. eds. 1999, 2003, 2006, 2009); translated into Chinese (Law Press, 2007), Greek (Kritiki Publications, 2007), and Spanish (UNAM, forthcoming)

Reprint of Jerome Frank, Law and the Modern Mind (Transaction Publishers, 2009) (editor)

Jurisprudence: Cases and Materials (LexisNexis, 2nd ed., 2006) (co-editor with Stephen Gottlieb, Timothy Lytton & Robin West)

Philosophy of Law: Critical Concepts in Philosophy (vols. I-IV) (Routledge, 2006) (editor)

Teoria del Derecho: Ambicion y Limites (Marcial Pons, 2006)

Law and Morality (Ashgate, 2005) (co-editor with Kenneth Einar Himma)

A Dictionary of Legal Theory (Oxford University Press, 2004)

Family Law: Cases, Text, Problems (LexisNexis, 4th ed., 2004) (with Ira M. Ellman, Paul Kurtz, Elizabeth Scott & Lois A. Weithorn)

Contract Law (vols. I and II) (International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory, 2nd Series, Ashgate, 2000) (editor)

Analyzing Law: New Essays in Legal Theory (Oxford University Press, 1998) (editor)

Law, Language, and Legal Determinacy (Oxford University Press, 1993); Chapter 2 reprinted in Wittgenstein and Law (Dennis Patterson, ed., Ashgate, 2004)

Book Chapters

Defeasibility and Open Texture, in Essays on Legal Defeasibility (J. Ferrer & G.B. Ratti, eds., Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2010)

Will versus Reason: Truth in Natural Law, Positive Law, and Legal Theory, in Truth: Studies of a Robust Presence (Kurt Pritzl, ed., Catholic University of America Press, forthcoming 2010)

Contracts, in The Ethics of Consent: Theory and Practice (Franklin G. Miller & Alan Wertheimer, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009)

Introduction, in Jerome Frank, Law & the Modern Mind (Transaction Publishers, 2009)

Law and Economics and Explanation in Contract Law, in Theoretical Foundations of Law and Economics 203-213 (Mark D. White, ed., Cambridge University Press, 2009)

On Philosophy in American Law: Analytical Legal Philosophy, in On Philosophy in American Law 99-105 (Francis J. Mootz III, ed., Cambridge University Press, 2009)

Introduction, in 1 Philosophy of Law: Critical Concepts in Philosophy 1-18 (Brian Bix, ed., Routledge, 2006)

Reductionism and Explanation in Legal Theory, in Properties of Law: Essays in Honour of Jim Harris 43-51 (Timothy Endicott, Joshua Getzler & Ed Peel, eds., Oxford University Press, 2006)

The ALI Principles and Agreements: Seeking a Balance Between Status and Contract, in Reconceiving the Family: Critique on the American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution 372-391 (Robin Fretwell Wilson, ed., Cambridge University Press, 2006)

Cautions and Caveats for the Application of Wittgenstein to Legal Theory, in Law and Social Justice: Topics in Contemporary Philosophy 217-229 (Joseph Keim Campbell, Michael O'Rourke & David Shier, eds., MIT Press, 2005)

Introduction, in Law and Morality xi-xvii (Brian Bix & Kenneth Einar Himma, eds., Ashgate, 2005)

Some Reflections on Methodology in Jurisprudence, in Problemas contemporáneos de la filosofía del derecho 67-96 (Enrique Caceres, Imer B. Flores, Javier Saldañq & Enrique Villanueva, eds., UNAM, 2005); translated into Italian, 8 Ars Interpretandi 397 (2003); translated into Spanish, 26 Doxa 609 (2003)

Natural Law Theory: The Modern Tradition, in The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law 62-103 (Jules L. Coleman & Scott Shapiro, eds., Kenneth Einar Himma, assoc. ed., Oxford University Press, 2002); translated into Turkish, 6 Dokuz Eylul University Law Faculty Journal 291-343 (2004)

Reflections on the Nature of Marriage, in Revitalizing the Institution of Marriage for the 21st Century 111-119 (Alan J. Hawkins, Lynn D. Wardle & David Orgon Coolidge, eds., Greenwood Press, 2002)

Economic Analysis of Law, in 1 The Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences 418-419 (Jonathan Michie, ed., Routledge, 2001)

Natural Law Theory, in 2 The Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences 1100-1101 (Jonathan Michie, ed., Routledge, 2001)

Introduction, in I & II Contract Law (International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory, 2nd series) (Brian Bix, ed., Ashgate, 2000)

On Description and Legal Reasoning, in Rules and Reasoning 7-28 (Linda Meyer, ed., Hart Publishing, 1999)

Questions in Legal Interpretation, in Law and Interpretation 137-54 (Andrei Marmor, ed., Oxford University Press, 1995), reprinted in 18 Tel Aviv University Law Review 463 (1994) (in Hebrew)

Journal Articles

Ross and Olivecrona on Rights, Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy (forthcoming 2009)

On Questions and Answers in Law's Quandry, 44 San Diego Law Review 85 (2007)

Diverging Perspectives on Electronic Contracting in the U.S. and EU, 54 Cleveland State Law Review 175 (2006) (with Jane K. Winn)

Domestic Agreements, 35 Hofstra Law Review 1753 (2006)

Form and Formalism: The View from Legal Theory, 20 Ratio Juris 45 (2006)

Legal Positivism and "Explaining" Normativity and Autonomy, 5:2 American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Law 5 (Spring 2006)

Philosophy, Morality, and Parental Priority, 40 Family Law Quarterly 7 (2006)

Raz, Authority, and Conceptual Analysis, 50 American Journal of Jurisprudence 311 (2006)

Everything I Know About Marriage I Learned from Law Professors, 42 San Diego Law Review 823 (2005)

Problem: Conceptual Analysis (translated into Spanish), 5 Discusiones 197 (2005) (with Kenneth E. Himma)

State Interests in Marriage, Interstate Recognition, and Choice of Law, 38 Creighton Law Review 337 (2005)

Background Rules, Incompleteness, and Intervention, 2004 University of Wisconsin Law Review 379 (2004) (comment on Kostritsky)

The Public and Private Ordering of Marriage, 2004 University of Chicago Legal Forum 295 (2004)

Can Theories of Meaning and Reference Solve the Problem of Legal Determinacy?, 16 Ratio Juris 281 (2003)

Physician-Assisted Suicide and Federalism, 17 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 53 (2003)

Raz on Necessity, 22 Law and Philosophy 537 (2003), reprinted in Law and Morality (Kenneth Einar Himma & Brian Bix, eds., Ashgate, 2005)

State Interest and Marriage: The Theoretical Perspective, 32 Hofstra Law Review 93 (2003), reprinted in 18 Minnesota Family Law Journal 1-12 (Nov./Dec. 2004)

Choice of Law and Marriage: A Proposal, 36 Family Law Quarterly 255 (2002)

Parental Rights for All Parents: A Comment on Gregory, 36 Family Law Quarterly 189 (2002)

An Outsider's Guide to Natural Law Theory, 1 American Philosophical Association Newsletter 126 (Fall 2001)

Premarital Agreements in the ALI Principles of Family Dissolution, 8 Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy 231 (2001)

Conceptual Jurisprudence and Socio-Legal Studies, 32 Rutgers Law Journal 227 (2000)

Epstein, Craswell, Economics, Unconscionability, and Morality, 19 Quinnipiac Law Review 715 (2000)

On the Dividing Line Between Natural Law Theory and Legal Positivism, 75 Notre Dame Law Review 1613 (2000), reprinted in Law and Morality (Kenneth Einar Himma & Brian Bix, eds., Ashgate, 2005)

State of the Union: The States' Interest in the Marital Status of Their Citizens, 55 University of Miami Law Review 1 (2000)

H.L.A. Hart and the Hermeneutic Turn in Legal Theory, 52 SMU Law Review 167 (1999)

Patrolling the Boundaries: Inclusive Legal Positivism and the Nature of Jurisprudential Debate, 12 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 17 (1999), reprinted in David M. Adams, Philosophical Problems in Law (Wadsworth, 4th ed., 2005)

Bargaining in the Shadow of Love: The Enforcement of Premarital Agreements and How We Think About Marriage, 40 William and Mary Law Review 145 (1998)

Dealing with Incommensurability for Dessert and Desert: Comments on Chapman and Katz, 146 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1650 (1998)

Consent, Sado-Masochism and the English Common Law, 17 Quinnipiac Law Review 157 (1997)

Jules Coleman, Legal Positivism, and Legal Authority, 16 Quinnipiac Law Review 241 (1996)

Conceptual Questions and Jurisprudence, 1 Legal Theory 415 (1995)

Physician Assisted Suicide and the American Constitution, 58 Modern Law Review 404 (1995)

Assault, Sado-Masochism and Consent, 109 Law Quarterly Review 540 (1993)

Considering the State Law Consequences of an Allegedly Improper Bankruptcy Filing, 67 American Bankruptcy Law Journal 325 (1993)

Local Authorities and Libel Again, 56 Modern Law Review 738 (1993) (with Adam Tomkins)

Refusal of Medical Treatment, 4 King's College Law Journal 112 (1993)

A.D. Woozley and the Concept of Right Answers in Law, 5 Ratio Juris 58 (1992)

Agreement to Negotiate, 3 King's College Law Journal 131 (1992)

Case Note: R. v. Brown and others (Court of Appeal), 6 Wig & Gavel 22 (1992)

Michael Moore's Realist Approach to Law, 140 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1293 (1992)

The Sounds of Silence: A Duty to Incriminate Oneself?, 1992 Public Law 363 (1992) (with Adam Tomkins)

Unconventional Use of the Convention?, 55 Modern Law Review 721 (1992) (with Adam Tomkins)

H.L.A. Hart and the "Open Texture" of Language, 10 Law and Philosophy 51 (1991)

The Application (and Mis-Application) of Wittgenstein's Rule-Following Considerations to Legal Theory, 3 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 107 (1990), reprinted in Wittgenstein and Legal Theory 209-223 (Dennis Patterson, ed., Westview Press, 1992)

Book Reviews & Review Essays

Book Review, 48 Philosophical Books 285 (2007) (reviewing Larry Alexander, Is There a Right of Freedom of Expression? (Cambridge University Press, 2005))

Perfectionist Policies in Family Law, 2007 University of Illinois Law Review 1055 (2007) (reviewing Linda McClain, The Place of Families: Fostering Capacity, Equality, and Responsibility (Harvard University Press, 2006))

Book Review, 1 International Journal of Law in Context 115 (2005) (reviewing Roger Cotterrell, The Politics of Jurisprudence: A Critical Introduction to Legal Philosophy (Lexis Nexis UK, 2nd ed., 2003))

Book Review, 46 Philosophical Books 93 (2005) (reviewing Philosophy and the Law of Torts (Gerald J. Postema, ed., Cambridge University Press, 2001))

Book Review, 28 Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy 231 (2003) (reviewing Julie Dickson, Evaluation and Legal Theory (Hart, 2001))

Book Review, 65 Modern Law Review 305 (2002) (reviewing Cross Currents: Family Law and Policy in the United States and England (Sanford N. Katz, John Eekelaar & Mavis Maclean, eds., Oxford University Press, 2000))

Practical Judging, 19 Constitutional Commentary 453 (2002) (reviewing Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Implementing the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2001))

How to Plot Love on an Indifference Curve, 99 Michigan Law Review 1439 (2001) (reviewing June Carbone, From Partners to Parents: The Second Revolution in Family Law (Columbia University Press, 2000)), reprinted in The Economics of Family Law (Margaret F. Brinig, ed., Edward Elgar, 2006)

Book Review, 41 Philosophical Books 267 (2000) (reviewing Mark Addis, Wittgenstein: Making Sense of Other Minds (Ashgate, 1999))

Book Review, 63 Modern Law Review 945 (2000) (reviewing William Lucy, Understanding and Explaining Adjudication (Oxford University Press, 1999))

Book Review, 19 Philosophy in Review 318 (1999) (reviewing Rational Commitment and Social Justice: Essays for Gregory Kavka (Jules L. Coleman & Christopher W. Morris, eds., Cambridge University Press, 1998))

Book Review, 40 Philosophical Books 277 (1999) (reviewing Anthony Sebok, Legal Positivism in American Jurisprudence (Cambridge University Press, 1998))

Positively Positivism, 85 Virginia Law Review 889 (1999) (reviewing Anthony J. Sebok, Legal Positivism in American Jurisprudence (Cambridge University Press, 1998))

Book Review, 18 Philosophy in Review 143 (1998) (reviewing James E. Penner, The Idea of Property in Law (Oxford University Press, 1997))

Book Review, 107 Ethics 394 (1997) (reviewing Richard Dien Winfield, Law in Civil Society (University Press of Kansas, 1995))

Book Review, 37 Philosophical Books 131 (1996) (reviewing Ernest Weinrib, The Idea of Private Law (Harvard University Press, 1995))

The Whirl of Paradox, 9 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 223 (1996) (reviewing Matthew Kramer, Critical Legal Theory and the Challenge of Feminism: A Philosophical Reconception (Rowman & Littlefield, 1995))

Book Review, 102 Mind 193 (1993) (reviewing Eric Rakowski, Equal Justice (Oxford University Press, 1991))

Book Review, 102 Mind 512 (1993) (reviewing Jerrold Katz, The Metaphysics of Meaning (MIT Press, 1990))

Book Review, 43 Philosophical Quarterly 569 (1993) (reviewing Stephen Guest, Ronald Dworkin (Edinburgh University Press, 1992))

Book Review, 18 Seton Hall Law Review 523 (1988) (reviewing Norman L. Cantor, Legal Frontiers of Death and Dying (Indiana University Press, 1987))

Book Review, 9 Harvard Women's Law Journal 215 (1986) (reviewing Women Against Censorship (Varda Burstyn, ed., Douglas & McIntyre, 1985))

Dancing in the Dark: The Philosophical Moves of Ronald Dworkin, 23 Harvard Journal on Legislation 307 (1986) (reviewing Ronald Dworkin, A Matter of Principle (Harvard University Press, 1985))

Book Review, 22 Harvard Journal on Legislation 310 (1985) (reviewing Leonard Baker, Brandeis and Frankfurter: a Dual Biography (Harper & Row, 1984))

Book Review, 22 Harvard Journal on Legislation 620 (1985) (reviewing Michael J. Detmold, The Unity of Law and Morality: A Refutation of Legal Positivism (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984))

Entries in Reference Works

Best Interests of the Child, in The Chicago Companion to the Child (Anne Dailey, ed., University of Chicago Press, forthcoming)

Justice, Theories of, in The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Stanley N. Katz, ed., Oxford University Press, 2009)

Civil Disobedience, in The New Oxford Companion to Law 134-135 (Peter Cane & Joanne Conaghan, eds., Oxford University Press, 2007)

Historical Jurisprudence, in The New Oxford Companion to Law 533-534 (Peter Cane & Joanne Conaghan, eds., Oxford University Press, 2007)

Legal Realism, in The New Oxford Companion to Law 720-721 (Peter Cane & Joanne Conaghan, eds., Oxford University Press, 2007)

Lon Fuller, in The New Oxford Companion to Law 486-487 (Peter Cane & Joanne Conaghan, eds., Oxford University Press, 2007)

John Austin, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2001) (rev. ed. 2005)

Legal Positivism, in Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory 29-49 (Martin Golding & William A. Edmundson, eds., Blackwell, 2005)

Legal Theory-Types and Purposes, IVR Encyclopaedia of Jurisprudence, Legal Theory, and Philosophy of Law (Aleksander Peczenik, gen. ed., 2004); (in Spanish) (Isonomia, 2005)

Law as an Autonomous Discipline, in The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies 975-987 (Peter Cane & Mark Tushnet, eds., Oxford University Press, 2003)

Ronald Coase, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online (2001)

Joseph Raz, in The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia 719-720 (Christopher Gray, ed., Garland Publishing, 1999)

Richard Posner, in The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia 665-666 (Christopher Gray, ed., Garland Publishing, 1999)

Ronald Dworkin, in The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia 233-235 (Christopher Gray, ed., Garland Publishing, 1999)

Natural Law Theory, in A Companion to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory 223-40 (Dennis Patterson, ed., Blackwell Press, 1996) reprinted in The Philosophy of Law (Joel Feinberg & Jules Coleman, eds., Wadsworth Publishing, 7th ed., 2004)

Selected Presentations

Form and Formalism: The View from Legal Theory, Cornell Law School (Mar. 2006)

On Questions and Aswers in Law's Quandary, Notre Dame Law School (Mar. 2006)

Robert Alexy's Radbruch, Gustav Radbruch Symposium, University of Bristol (Jan. 2006)

Raz, Authority, and Conceptual Analysis, Natural Law and Natural Rights in Contemporary Jurisprudence, Princeton University (Sept. 2005)

Universal Theory in Family Law and The Problem of Persuasion: Comment on Linda McClain, The Place of Families, International Society of Family LawWorld Conference, Salt Lake City (July 2005)

Contract Law Theory, Analytical Legal Philosophy Conference, University of Texas - Austin (Apr. 2005)

Natural Law and the Constitution and Theories of Law and Constitutional Interpretation, 29th Midwest Philosophy Colloquium, University of Minnesota - Morris (Apr. 2005)

Everything I Know About Marriage I Learned from Law Professors, Conference on the Meaning of Marriage, University of San Diego Institute for Law and Philosophy (Jan. 2005)

The ALI Principles and Agreements: Seeking a Balance Between Status and Contract, Conference on the ALI Principles of Family Dissolution, Harvard Law School (Oct. 2004)

What Makes a Parent?: A Roundtable Discussion, Cardozo Program in Family Law, Policy and Bioethics, Cardozo Law School, Yeshiva University (June 2004) (participant)

State Interests in Marriage, Interstate Recognition, and Choice of Law, Conference on Interjurisdictional Recognition of Same-Sex Marriages, Catholic University Law School (May 2004)

Panel Discussion on Federalism and Marriage, University of St. Thomas Law School, sponsored by the Federalist Society (Mar. 2004) (participant)

Background Rules, Incompleteness and Intervention: Comment on Kostritsky, Freedom from Contract Conference, University of Wisconsin (Feb. 2004)

The Public and Private Ordering of Marriage, 18th Annual Symposium of the University of Chicago Legal Forum, Public and Private Faces of Family Law (Oct. 2003)

Some Reflections on Methodology in Jurisprudence, Problems of Contemporary Legal Philosophy, UNAM, Mexico City (July 2003)

State Interest and Marriage B The Theoretical Perspective, A Conference on Marriage, Democracy, and Families, Hofstra University (Mar. 2003)

Will versus Reason: Truth in Natural Law, Positive Law, and Legal Theory, Catholic University, School of Philosophy: The Franklin J. Matchette Foundation Fall 2002 Lecture Series (Truth) (Oct. 2002)

Legal Positivism for the 19th, 20th, and 21st Century, New Perspectives for the Law of the 21st Century, University of Stockholm (May 2002)

Cautions and Caveats on the Application of Wittgenstein to Legal Theory, Law and Social Justice: 5th Annual Inland Northwest Philosophy Conference, University of Idaho (Apr. 2002)

The Past and Future of Legal Positivism, Inaugural Lecture, on Appointment as the Frederick W. Thomas Professor for the Interdisciplinary Studyof Law and Language, University of Minnesota (Apr. 2002)

Comment on Kellogg, The Construction of Legal Positivism and the Myth of Legal Indeterminacy, American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division Meeting, Atlanta (Dec. 2001)

Choice of Law and Marriage: A Proposal, The International Society of Family Law, North American Regional Conference, Kingston, Ontario (June 2001)

Engagement with Economics: The New Hybrids of Family Law/Law & Economics Thinking, Commodification Futures: Retheorizing Commodification, University of Denver College of Law (Mar. 2001)

Conceptual Jurisprudence and Socio-Legal Studies, Conference on the Work of Brian Tamanaha, Rutgers Law School (Mar. 2000)

Reflections on the Nature of Marriage -- With Reference to Dictionaries, Contracts, and Covenants, Revitalizing the Institution of Marriage for the 21st Century, Brigham Young University Law School (Mar. 2000)

Panel Discussion of Jack Balkin, Cultural Software, Law and Society Association Annual Meeting, Chicago (June 1999) (Chair and participant)

Recent Scholarship on Contract Law: Law and Economics, AALS Contract Law Conference, Washington, D.C. (June 1999)

The States' Interest in the Marital Status of Their Citizens, International Society of Family Law, North American Regional Conference, Albuquerque (June 1999)

Dealing with Incommensurability for Dessert and Desert: Comments on Chapman and Katz, Symposium on Law and Incommensurability, University of Pennsylvania Law School (Feb. 1998)

On Description and Legal Reasoning, Conference on the Work of Frederick Schauer, Quinnipiac Law School (Oct. 1997)

Questions in Legal Interpretation, Conference on Law and Interpretation, Tel Aviv University (May 1993)

COURSES

Courses

Contract Law
Family Law
Federal Courts
Jurisprudence