Professor Antony Duff is a leading expert on the philosophy of punishment and is internationally recognized for his expertise in criminal law and its structure. He joined the Law School faculty as a tenured professor in 2010 and is also a professor emeritus in the Department of Philosophy, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
Professor Duff is widely acknowledged as having catalyzed renewed interest in criminal law theory through his major works: Intention, Agency, and Criminal Liability: Philosophy of Action and the Criminal Law (Blackwell, 1990); Criminal Attempts (Oxford, 1996); and Answering for Crime: Responsibility and Liability in the Criminal Law (Hart 2007). He received a Leverhulme Major Research Fellowship (2002-05) for his work on Answering for Crime and also held a British Academy Research Readership (1989-91).
Additional landmark books that have influenced thinking on punishment theory and philosophy include Trials and Punishments (Cambridge, 1986) and Punishment, Communication and Community (Oxford, 2001). He recently led a three-year interdisciplinary study of the criminal trial and with three colleagues produced The Trial on Trial, published by Hart in three volumes (Truth and Due Process, 2004; Judgment and Calling to Account, 2006; Towards a Normative Theory of the Criminal Trial, 2007). The study was funded by the U.K.'s Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), which also funded a subsequent four-year project on Criminalization: this project will produce four volumes of papers from workshops and conferences(The Boundaries of the Criminal Law, 2010; The Structures of the Criminal Law, 2011; The Constitution of the Criminal Law, 2013; Criminalization: The Aims and Limits of the Criminal Law, 2013; all published by Oxford University Press), and single-authored monographs by three of the researchers.
Professor Duff completed a B.A. in 1967, followed by postgraduate study at Oxford University. He was a visiting lecturer in philosophy at the University of Washington, Seattle, in 1968-69 and joined Stirling's Department of Philosophy in 1970.
At Stirling, he taught contemporary and historical moral philosophy, philosophy of action, and philosophy of law to law and philosophy students. He was director of the M.Litt. in legal and political philosophy program, supervised M.Phil. and Ph.D. candidates, and contributed to development of the M.Sc. in criminology and LL.B. programs. He served as head of the Department of Philosophy for three terms.
Professor Duff is founding co-editor of Criminal Law and Philosophy and serves on the editorial boards of Legal Theory and Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law. He is an associate member of the Scottish Consortium on Crime and Criminal Justice.
He has been an adviser to the Action for Children (formerly NCH) inquiry into the Scottish children’s hearing system that originated from the Kilbrandon Report, an adviser to the Scottish Council Foundation project on public interest in criminal and youth justice, and a lecturer on sentencing theory for Judicial Studies Committee refresher courses. He chaired the philosophy sub-panel of the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise of the Higher Education Funding Councils, which fund British universities.
Professor Duff was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1996 and a Fellow of the British Academy in 2004. He received an honorary D.Jur. from the University of Oslo in 2008.
The Constitution of the Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2013) (co-editor with Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros)
The Structures of the Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2012) (co-editor with Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros)
Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2011) (co-editor with Stuart P. Green)
The Boundaries of the Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2010) (co-editor with Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros)
Answering for Crime: Responsibility and Liability in the Criminal Law (Hart Publishing, 2007)
The Trial on Trial: Volume Three: Towards a Normative Theory of the Criminal Trial (Hart Publishing, 2007) (with Lindsay Farmer, Sandra Marshall & Victor Tadros)
Privacy and the Criminal Law (Intersentia, 2006) (co-editor with Erik Claes & Serge Gutwirth)
The Trial on Trial: Volume Two: Judgment and Calling to Account (Hart Publishing, 2006) (co-editor with Lindsay Farmer, Sandra Marshall & Victor Tadros)
Defining Crimes: Essays on the Special Part of the Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2005) (co-editor with Stuart P. Green)
The Trial on Trial: Volume One: Truth and Due Process (Hart Publishing, 2004) (co-editor with Lindsay Farmer, Sandra Marshall & Victor Tadros)
Punishing Juveniles: Principle and Critique (Hart Publishing, 2002) (co-editor with Ido Weijers)
Punishment, Communication, and Community (Oxford University Press, 2001)
Philosophy and the Criminal Law: Principle and Critique (Cambridge University Press, 1998) (editor)
Criminal Attempts (Clarendon Press, 1996)
A Reader on Punishment (Oxford University Press, 1994) (co-editor with David Garland)
Penal Theory and Practice: Tradition and Innovation in Criminal Justice (Manchester University Press, 1994) (co-editor with Sandra Marshall, Rebecca Emerson Dobash & Russell P. Dobash)
Punishment (Dartmouth, 1993) (editor)
Intention, Agency, and Criminal Liability: Philosophy of Action and the Criminal Law (Blackwell, 1990)
Trials and Punishments (Cambridge University Press, 1986)
Philosophy and the Criminal Law (Franz Steiner, 1984) (co-editor with N.E. Simmonds)
Book Chapters
Intention Revisited, in The Sanctity of Life and the Criminal Law: The Legacy of Glanville Williams 148-177 (Dennis J. Baker & Jeremy Horder, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Introduction: The Constitution of the Criminal Law, in The Constitution of the Criminal Law 1-11 (R.A. Duff, Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros, eds., Oxford University Press, 2013) (with Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros)
Pre-Trial Detention and the Presumption of Innocence, in Prevention and the Limits of the Criminal Law 115-132 (Andrew Ashworth, Lucia Zedner & Patrick Tomlin, eds., Oxford University Press, 2013)
Criminal Attempts, in The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law 191-204 (Andrei Marmor, ed., Routledge, 2012)
Introduction: The Structures of the Criminal Law, in The Structures of the Criminal Law 1-10 (R.A. Duff, Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros, eds., Oxford University Press, 2012) (with Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros)
Presuming Innocence, in Principles and Values in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice: Essays in Honour of Andrew Ashworth 51-66 (Lucia Zedner & Julian V. Roberts, eds., Oxford University Press, 2012)
Risks, Culpability and Criminal Liability, in Seeking Security: Pre-empting the Commission of Criminal Harms 121-142 (I. H. Dennis & G. R. Sullivan, eds., Hart, 2012)
Good and Evil and the Criminal Law, in Philosophy, Ethics and a Common Humanity: Essays in Honour of Raimond Gaita 68-81 (Christopher Cordner, ed., Routledge, 2011)
In Response, in Crime, Punishment, and Responsibility: The Jurisprudence of Antony Duff 351-379 (Rowan Cruft, Matthew H. Kramer & Mark R. Reiff, eds., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Introduction: Searching for Foundations, in Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Law 1-18 (R.A. Duff & Stuart P. Green, eds., Oxford University Press, 2011) (with Stuart P. Green)
Mercy, in The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Criminal Law 467-492 (John Deigh & David Dolinko, eds., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Responsibility, Citizenship, and Criminal Law, in Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Law 125-148 (R.A. Duff & Stuart P. Green, eds., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Responsibility, Restoration, and Retribution, in Retributivism Has a Past: Has It a Future? 63-85 (Michael Tonry, ed., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Retrieving Retributivism, in Retributivism: Essays on Theory and Policy 3-24 (Mark D. White, ed., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Action and Criminal Liability, in A Companion to the Philosophy of Action 331-337 (Timothy O'Connor & Constantine Sandis, eds., Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)
Authority and Responsibility in International Criminal Law, in The Philosophy of International Law 589-604 (Samantha Besson & John Tasioulas, eds., Oxford University Press, 2010)
Perversions and Subversions of Criminal Law, in The Boundaries of the Criminal Law 88-112 (R.A. Duff, Lindsay Farmer, S.E. Marshall, Massimo Renzo & Victor Tadros, eds., Oxford University Press, 2010)
Psychopathy and Answerability, in Responsibility and Psychopathy: Interfacing Law, Psychiatry and Philosophy 199-212 (Luca Malatesti & John McMillan, eds., Oxford University Press, 2010)
Public and Private Wrongs, in Essays in Criminal Law in Honour of Sir Gerald Gordon 70-85 (James Chalmers, Fiona Leverick & Lindsay Farmer, eds., Edinburgh University Press, 2010) (with S.E. Marshall)
Can We Punish the Perpetrators of Atrocities?, in The Religious in Responses to Mass Atrocity: Interdisciplinary Perspectives 79-104 (Thomas Brudholm & Thomas Cushman, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Responsibility and Liability in Criminal Law, in The Legacy of H.L.A. Hart: Legal, Political and Moral Philosophy 101-120 (Matthew H. Kramer et al., eds., Oxford University Press, 2008)
Virtue, Vice, and Criminal Liability, in Virtue Jurisprudence 193-213 (Colin Farrelly & Lawrence B. Solum, eds., Palgrave Macmillan, 2008)
Whose Luck Is It Anyway?, in Criminal Liability for Non-Aggressive Death 61-78 (C.M.V. Clarkson & Sally Cunningham, eds., Ashgate, 2008)
Crimes, Regulatory Offences and Criminal Trials, in Festschrift für Heike Jung 87 (Heinz Müller-Dietz, ed., Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2007)
Criminal Responsibility and Public Reason, in Law and Philosophy 224 (Michael D. A. Freeman & Ross Harrison, eds., Oxford University Press, 2007) (with S.E. Marshall)
How Offensive Can You Get?, in Incivilities: Regulating Offensive Behaviour 57 (Andrew von Hirsch & A. P. Simester, eds., Hart Publishing, 2006) (with S.E. Marshall)
The Virtues and Vices of Virtue Jurisprudence, in Values and Virtues: Aristotelianism in Contemporary Ethics 90 (T. D. J. Chappell, ed., Oxford University Press, 2006)
Criminalizing Endangerment, in Defining Crimes: Essays on the Special Part of the Criminal Law 43-64 (Antony Duff & Stuart P. Green, eds., Oxford University Press, 2005)
Introduction: The Special Part and its Problems, in Defining Crimes: Essays on the Special Part of the Criminal Law 1-20 (Antony Duff & Stuart P. Green, eds., Oxford University Press, 2005) (with Stuart P. Green)
Strict Liability, Legal Presumptions and the Presumption of Innocence, in Appraising Strict Liability 125-49 (A. P. Simester, ed., Oxford University Press, 2005)
Action, the Act Requirement and Criminal Liability, in Agency and Action 69-103 (John Hyman & Helen Steward, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Punishment and the Morality of Law, in Punishment, Restorative Justice and the Morality of Law 121-143 (Erik Claes, René Foqué & Tony Peters, eds., Intersentia, 2004)
Punishment, Retribution and Communication, in Punishment, Places and Perpetrators: Developments in Criminology and Criminal Justice Research 78-96 (Gerben Bruinsma, H. Elffers & Jan Willem de Keijser, eds., Willan, 2004)
Punishment, in The Oxford Handbook of Practical Ethics 331 (Hugh LaFollette, ed., Oxford University Press, 2003)
Restoration and Retribution, in Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or Reconcilable Paradigms? 43 (Andrew von Hirsch et al., eds., Hart Publishing, 2003)
Was ist Tatproportionalität, und warum ist dieses Prinzip wichtig?, in Tatproportionalität: Normative und empirische Aspekte einer tatproprortionalen Strafzumessung 23 (Wolfgang Frisch, Andrew von Hirsch & Hans-Jörg Albrecht, eds., Müller, 2003)
Conceptions of Crime, in Flores Juris et Legum: Festskrift till Nils Jareborg (Petter Asp, Carl Erik Herlitz & Lena Holmqvist, eds., Iustus Förlag, 2002)
Punishing the Young, in Punishing Juveniles:
Principle and Critique 115-134 (Ido Weijers & Antony Duff, eds., Hart Publishing, 2002)
Restorative Punishment and Punitive Restoration, in Restorative Justice and the Law 82-100 (Lode Walgrave, ed., Willan Publishing, 2002), reprinted in Why Punish? How Much?: A Reader on Punishment (Michael Tonry, ed., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Rule Violations and Wrongdoings, in Criminal Law Theory: Doctrines of the General Part (Stephen Shute & A. P. Simester, eds., Oxford University Press, 2002)
Attempts, Impossibility and Intention: A Reply to Waluchow, in Rights, Wrongs, and Responsibilities 119 (Matthew H. Kramer, ed., Palgrave, 2001)
Benefits, Burdens and Responsibilities: Some Ethical Dimensions of Situational Crime Prevention, in Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention 17 (Andrew von Hirsch, David Garland & Alison Wakefield, eds., Hart Publishing, 2000) (with S.E. Marshall)
Punishment, Communication, and Community, in Punishment and Political Theory 48-68 (Matt Matravers, ed., Hart Publishing, 1999), reprinted in Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (Derek Matravers & Jon Pike, eds., Routledge, 2003)
Response to von Hirsch, in Punishment and Political Theory 83-87 (Matt Matravers, ed., Hart Publishing, 1999), reprinted in Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (Derek Matravers & Jon Pike, eds., Routledge, 2003)
Dangerousness and Citizenship, in Fundamentals of Sentencing Theory: Essays in Honour of Andrew von Hirsch 141-163 (Andrew Ashworth & Martin Wasik, eds., Oxford University Press, 1998)
Desert and Penance, in Principled Sentencing: Readings in Theory & Policy 161-167 (Andrew von Hirsch & Andrew Ashworth, eds., Hart Publishing, 2d ed., 1998)
Principle and Contradiction in the Criminal Law: Motives and Criminal Liability, in Philosophy and the Criminal Law: Principle and Critique (Antony Duff, ed., Cambridge University Press, 1998)
Prävention oder Uberredung?, in Positive Generalprävention: Kritische Analysen im deutsch-englischen Dialog (Bernd Schünemann, Andrew von Hirsch & Nils Jareborg, eds., Müller, 1998)
Punishment, Citizenship and Responsibility, in Punishment, Excuses and Moral Development 17-34 (Henry Tam, ed., Avebury, 1996)
Subjectivism, Objectivism and Criminal Attempts, in Harm and Culpability 19-44 (A.P. Simester & A.T.H. Smith, eds., Clarendon Press, 1996)
Introduction: Thinking about Punishment, in A Reader on Punishment 1-43 (Antony Duff & David Garland, eds., Oxford University Press, 1994) (with David Garland)
Acting, Trying, and Criminal Liability, in Action and Value in Criminal Law (Stephen Shute, John Gardner & Jeremy Horder, eds., Oxford University Press, 1993)
Alternatives to Punishment--or Alternative Punishments?, in Retributivism and Its Critics: Papers of the Special Nordic Conference Held at the University of Toronto, 25-27 June 1990 43 (Wesley Cragg, ed., F. Steiner Verlag, 1992)
Punishment, Expression and Penance, in Recht und Moral: Beiträge zu einer Standortbestimmung 235 (Heike Jung, Heinz Müller-Dietz & Ulfrid Neumann, eds., Nomos, 1991)
Mental Disorder and Criminal Responsibility, in Philosophy and the Criminal Law 31-48 (Antony Duff & N.E. Simmonds, eds., Franz Steiner, 1984)
Psychopathy and Moral Understanding, in Biomedical Ethics and the Law (James M. Humber & Robert F. Almeder, eds., Plenum Press, 2d ed., 1979)
Journal Articles
A Criminal Law for Citizens, 14 Theoretical Criminology 293-309 (2010)
Blame, Moral Standing and the Legitimacy of the Criminal Trial, 23 Ratio 123-140 (2010)
Towards a Theory of Criminal Law?, 84 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume 1-28 (2010)
Philosophy and "The Life of the Law", 26 Journal of Applied Philosophy 245-258 (2009)
The Incompleteness of "Punishment as Fair Play": A Response to Dagger, 14 Res Publica 277 (2008)
Excuses Moral and Legal: A Comment on Marcia Baron's "Excuses, Excuses", 1 Criminal Law and Philosophy 49-55 (2007)
The Intrusion of Mercy, 4 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 361-387 (2007)
Notes on Punishment and Terrorism, 48 American Behavioral Scientist 758-763 (2005)
Punishment, Dignity and Degradation, 25 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 141-155 (2005) (reviewing James Q. Whitman, Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishment and the Widening Divide between America and Europe (Oxford University Press, 2003))
Theorizing Criminal Law: A 25th Anniversary Essay, 25 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 353-67 (2005)
Who is Responsible, for What, to Whom?, 2 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 441-61 (2005)
Penance, Punishment and the Limits of Community, 5 Punishment & Society 295-312 (2003), reprinted in Why Punish? How Much?: A Reader on Punishment (Michael Tonry, ed., Oxford University Press, 2011)
Probation, Punishment and Restorative Justice: Should Al Turism be Engaged in Punishment?, 42 Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 181-96 (2003)
The Limits of Virtue Jurisprudence, 34 Metaphilosophy 214-224 (2003)
Crime, Prohibition, and Punishment, 19 Journal of Applied Philosophy 97-108 (2002)
Harms and Wrongs, 5 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 13 (2002)
Auctions, Lotteries, and the Punishment of Attempts, 9 Law and Philosophy 1 (1990)
Regarding Intention: The Criminal Attempts Act 1981 s.1(3), 12 Liverpool Law Review 161 (1990)
Review Essay: Justice, Mercy, and Forgiveness, 9:2 Criminal Justice Ethics 51-63 (Summer/Fall 1990) (reviewing Jeffrie G. Murphy & Jean Hampton, Forgiveness and Mercy (Cambridge University Press, 1988) and Kathleen Dean Moore, Pardons: Justice, Mercy, and the Public Interest (Oxford University Press, 1989))
Socratic Suicide?, 83 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 35-47 (1982)
Recklessness and Rape, 3 Liverpool Law Review 49 (1981)
Desire, Duty and Moral Absolutes, 55 Philosophy 223 (1980)
Intention, Mens Rea and the Law Commission Report, [1980] Criminal Law Review 147 (1980)
Intention, Recklessness, and Probable Consequences, [1980] Criminal Law Review 404 (1980)
Legal Obligation and the Moral Nature of Law, 25 Juridical Review 61 (1980)
Recklessness, [1980] Criminal Law Review 282 (1980)
Implied and Constructive Malice In Murder, 95 The Law Quarterly Review 418 (1979)
Psychopathy and Moral Understanding, 14 American Philosophical Quarterly 189-200 (1977)
Absolute Principles and Double Effect, 36 Analysis 68-80 (1976)
Must a Good Man Be Invulnerable?, 86 Ethics 294 (1976)
Intentionally Killing the Innocent, 34 Analysis 16-19 (1973)
Book Reviews
Book Review, 31 Law and Philosophy 753-758 (2012) (reviewing Douglas Husak, The Philosophy of Criminal Law: Selected Essays (Oxford University Press, 2010))
Book Review, 29 Law and Philosophy 189-194 (2010) (reviewing Daniel Yeager, J.L. Austin and the Law: Exculpation and the Explication of Responsibility (Bucknell University Press, 2006))
Responsible Victims and (Partly) Justified Offenders, 8 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 209-216 (2010) (reviewing Vera Bergelson, Victims' Rights and Victims' Wrongs: Comparative Liability in Criminal Law (Stanford University Press, 2009))
Book Review, 114 Ethics 161-164 (2003) (reviewing Robert P. Burns, A Theory of the Trial (Princeton University Press, 1999))
Book Review, 53 Philosophical Quarterly 628 (2003) (reviewing David Braybrooke, Natural Law Modernized (University of Toronto Press, 2001))
Book Review, [2003] Criminal Law Review 136 (2003) (reviewing Peter Cane, Responsibility in Law and Morality (Hart, 2002))
Book Review, 111 Mind 164-170 (2002) (reviewing Arthur Ripstein, Equality, Responsibility, and the Law (Cambridge University Press, 1999))
Book Review, 110 Mind 729-732 (2001) (reviewing A Most Detestable Crime: New Philosophical Essays on Rape (Keith Burgess-Jackson, ed., Oxford University Press, 1999))
Book Review, 51 Philosophical Quarterly 130 (2001) (reviewing Tony Honoré, Responsibility and Fault (Hart Publishing, 1999))
Book Review, 109 Mind 647 (2000) (reviewing Robert F. Schopp, Justification Defenses and Just Convictions (Cambridge University Press, 1998))
Book Review, 104 Mind 211-214 (1995) (reviewing Andrew von Hirsch, Censure and Sanctions (Oxford University Press, 1993))
Book Note, 42 Political Studies 181 (1994) (reviewing Mark Tunick, Punishment: Theory and Practice (University of California Press, 1992))
Acting In Anger, 4684 Times Literary Supplement 22 (1993) (reviewing Jeremy Horder, Provocation and Responsibility (Clarendon Press, 1992))
Book Review, 102 Philosophical Review 438-440 (1993) (reviewing John Braithwaite & Philip Pettit, Not Just Deserts: A Republican Theory of Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press, 1990))
Book Review, 104 Ethics 181 (1993) (reviewing Jacob Adler, The Urgings of Conscience: A Theory of Punishment (Temple University Press, 1992))
Book Review, 43 Philosophical Quarterly 266 (1993) (reviewing Liability and Responsibility: Essays in Law and Morals (R.G. Frey & Christopher W. Morris, eds., Cambridge University Press, 1991))
Book Review, [1992] Criminal Law Review 391 (1992) (reviewing Alan W. Norrie, Law, Ideology, and Punishment: Retrieval and Critique of the Liberal Ideal of Criminal Justice (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990))
Book Review, 13 Philosophical Investigations 85 (1990) (reviewing The Jurisprudence of Orthodoxy: Queen's University Essays on H.L.A. Hart (Philip Leith & Peter Ingram, eds., Routledge, 1988))
Book Review, 39 Philosophical Quarterly 240 (1989) (reviewing Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Moral Dilemmas (Basil Blackwell, 1988))
Book Review, 38 Philosophical Quarterly 378-381 (1988) (reviewing S.C. Coval and J.C. Smith, Law and Its Presuppositions: Actions, Agents and Rules (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986))
Book Review, 8 Canadian Philosophical Reviews 221 (1988) (reviewing Leo Katz, Bad Acts and Guilty Minds: Conundrums of the Criminal Law (University of Chicago Press, 1987))
Book Review, 8 Canadian Philosophical Reviews 325 (1988) (reviewing C.L. Ten, Crime, Guilt, and Punishment: A Philosophical Introduction (Oxford University Press, 1987))
Book Review, 62 Philosophy 539 (1987) (reviewing D. S. Hutchinson, The Virtues of Aristotle (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986))
Book Review, 36 Philosophical Quarterly 99-101 (1986) (reviewing David B. Wong, Moral Relativity (University of California Press, 1984))
Book Review, 61 Philosophy 133-135 (1986) (reviewing James S. Fishkin, Justice, Equal Opportunity, and the Family (Yale University Press, 1984) and James S. Fishkin, Beyond Subjective Morality (Yale University Press, 1984))
Book Review, 59 Philosophy 541 (1984) (reviewing Sabina Lovibond, Realism and Imagination in Ethics (Basil Blackwell, 1983))
Book Review, 32 Philosophical Quarterly 181-184 (1982) (reviewing Lawrence A. Blum, Friendship, Altruism, and Morality (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980))
Book Review, 57 Philosophy 562 (1982) (reviewing Morton White, What Is and What Ought to be Done: An Essay on Ethics and Epistemology (Oxford University Press, 1981))
Book Review, 30 Philosophical Quarterly 273 (1980) (reviewing P. E. Devine, The Ethics of Homicide (Cornell University Press, 1978))
Book Review, 30 Philosophical Quarterly 86-88 (1980) (reviewing James D. Wallace, Virtues and Vices (Cornell University Press, 1978))
Entries in Reference Works
Legal Punishment, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Stanford University, 2001; rev. ed., 2008)
Is Accomplice Liability Superfluous?, 156 University of Pennsylvania Law Review PENNumbra 444 (2008) (response to Michael S. Moore, Causing, Aiding, and the Superfluity of Accomplice Liability, 156 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 395 (2007))
